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tony du

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Everyone deserves true love.So do I,
The amazing thing is just waiting for you. what you can do is keeping be better everyday. and make you time worthy.
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Teira Naahiwrote:
"Wishing you Wonderful Day"
-Teira-
June 15
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Wishing You A Wonderfull Day

-Teira-

Apr. 22
Teira Naahiwrote:

Wishing you a most beautiful week ahead

-Teira-

Mar. 23
Teira Naahiwrote:
 
NOW LIVE AND OPEN FOR BUISNESS
 
 
Thank You For Your Support and Friendship
 

 
 
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Feb. 17
Teira Naahiwrote:

 

May Your Week Be Filled With Smiles Laughter and Love

-Teira-

Jan. 27
Teira Naahiwrote:
 
Wishing You Much Love Light and Peace
 

2009

 

-Teira-

Jan. 1
Teira Naahiwrote:
Dec. 17
Dec. 12
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Can you please place a vote @ http://spaces-hall-of-fame.spaces.live.com

Best Poetry : Noelle( http://noellesnightclub.spaces.live.com)
Most Thought Provoking : Greg( http://blogquest.spaces.live.com)

Best Music/Video : BabyEvelyne( http://musicfreakske.spaces.live.com)

Thanks !
Hughs & x-x-x
BabyEvelyne [♥]
Nov. 21
Teira Naahiwrote:

"Have a Beautiful Friday and Calm Weekend"

-TEIRA-

Nov. 7
Teira Naahiwrote:

 

"Wishing you a great week my friend"

-TEIRA-

Oct. 28
gRaNt .wrote:

 

Halloween
 

 

From

gRaN t 

Oct. 28
Anitawrote:
Hello Tony, Thanks for the friend invitation! Your blogs are very introspective and interesting to read. I hope you have a wonderful week!! XX OO, Anita
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Oct. 14
Teira Naahiwrote:

 

Wishing You a Tranquil Tuesday

-TEIRA-

Oct. 14
Teira Naahiwrote:

Hello My Dear Friend

You are invited to a Cyber Party

http://teiranaahianniversary.events.live.com/default.aspx

Wishing You a Wonderful Equinox

-TEIRA-

Sept. 21

Life is easy to celebrate
with a friend like you. They
bring music to those whose
lives they have touched,
laughter to cheer our souls
and during times of sorrow,
comfort. Thank you for all
the joy and support you
give me.

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Have a nice weekend !
Hugs & x-x-x
BabyEvelyne [♥]

Sept. 19
Teira Naahiwrote:

For You My Freind

>Download<

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Sept. 13
Teira Naahiwrote:

 

It is by the little things

That a Great Friend is Known....

Have a  Great Friday My Friend

-Teira-

Sept. 4
Teira Naahiwrote:

"Wishing  You  a  Great  Day  My  Friend"

 -Teira -

Aug. 28
tony duwrote:
Thank u and welcome!
Aug. 21
Karida Jie-wrote:
Hi, I am Karida, thank you for your invite me to be your friend. I am very happy, thanks!
I am from China, so I am a Chinese girl. 红心 
Where are  you from?  And where are you live now ?
Well, nice to meet you !
Wish you have a nice day!
              Karida from China礼品盒
Aug. 21
Teira Naahiwrote:

'TIEKE'

Personal development overcomes all connecting one to the source of life

 

Have a Wonderful Wednesday

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Aug. 13
HELLO HAVE A GREAT DAY I AM A TEACHER THAT YOUR FRIEND
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A Magic In Time

6/24/2009

Inspiration from Suze Orman

Inspiration from Suze Orman

 

Let me suppose

 

In the morning we want to get into the subway, but a lady standing in front of the door. we cant enter the door. how would we do.

If I shouting at her and pushing her. There would be a fighting there and we all feel angry, we would be no inner beauty left at that time.

If I say: excuse me, could you please just move a little bit and let me in. I believe the lady will feel sorry and every going to be fine.

 

Everyday I have to go the junsong station to take subway. And everyday there always lot of people crowded around the door waiting for nest train’ seats, and other people can not enter the train. I feel annoyed by these lazy people and always feel angry coz they stop to enter the train. And sometime I shouting at them but there only a oral fighting and nothing helpful.

Today I think about suze orman’s speech and wonder if Suze meet the thing what will she do?

She said: people should be harmony and balance, then we don't feel angry and blame others and yourself, and there will no shame for us, then we feel confident and we have inner beauty, and we will keep positive and have the courage to make every our dream come true.

In this situation, I can choose the second decision and problem will be solved so easily. Everybody happy and I left my inner beauty to other people.

I told myself keep being better everyday, now I know I can not just keep being better in my work and knowledge, but also my attitude to people and life.

4/1/2009

I feel so complicatied

I get a new interview so maybe I can join a new company in the near future.

But I gonna but a apartment in Yanjiao. I dont know this is right or not. I just wanna try. and learn how to invest.

Below is my analise about the investment:

 

Pros:

1. I gonna have my own apartment. I gonna learn to decorate it and love it.

2. I dont need pay so much rent to my landowner.

3. it maybe can be my first big assete in my whole life.

4. may be I can lease it out and get some rent.

 

Cons:

1.       It’s far away from Beijing. there will be a long commute for me every day. If the trafic is very terrible, maybe I have to rent house in the downtown again.

2.       I cant use my public accumalation fund for housing construction, I cant apply personal housing accumulation fund loan to pay the asset.

3.       if lease it out the rent will be very low, so it wont help me a lot to pay the mortgage.

4.       the apartment belongs Hebei so It cant help me to apply for Beiing’s registered permanent residence

5.       I know the value is appreciating, but I am not sure the value can how high in the future.

6.       the light rail is just a surmise now. nobody know if, when and where It will be built.

7.       the curent price is the lowest in these two year, coz the recession is continuing.

3/10/2009

life

sometimes I think about what kind of persom I am. I disavow I am a cold blood person, maybe I am just not used to look for forwardly. But have many hided moods. Some years later I don’t know wether I can write thses kind of word amymore. In our life there always some new people some, and some former one go. Some may become close to you, some may be lost. There are too many questions we can’t find the answers, and too many answers we don't want to prove its truth.   Too many peaple are out of contact, too many contacts are just pleasing you perfunctory. Friends tell me: this is life.

2/10/2009

The fire of cctv

 

Last night around 9 I heared somebody said the building of cctv caught fire. At the beginning I didn't believe it, but after we went under the guomao bridge I saw lots of peaple stand around there.we also went ahead to find out what happened. At that time we found the building of cctv was firing. From our point it should be THE BIG UNDERPANTS was torched, but later it was approved by news that it was the loft of the building caught fire.at that time the scene was really spectacular. The fire was several floors hight, firelight towering, the around area was fireworks pushing up and exploding, and the cars and peaple stayed on the guomao bridge, and the moon in the pitchy sky which is said to be the biggest one during the past 50 years. All these was made to a stange picture. In the prosperouse lantern festival I really know.

1/6/2009

drama 1.5.2009

Last night I took the drama club. I took a main role and performed very well.

The scenario is from a tv program.

A rich man want to pick his dream girl from some girls.

And the girls want to be his girlfriend so they must compete with each other.

 

In our group there were five folks. I was the rich and other ladies were the candidates.

 

I think it’s a markble step for me.

I feel I start enjoying performing on the stage and I can do more.

Even I still felt nervous.

But I think other peaple didn’t find that.

Thanks for the practise in phenix toastmaster club.

 

 

The story is following.

In our group there were five folks. I was the rich and other ladies were the candidates.

Rich man: I am a man, handsome, young, clever. The most important I am rich. Yesterday my ex-girlfriend shouted with me, so I kick her off. You see. Today another four pretty ladies are wanna marry me. I’ ll pick from them to be my new girlfriend.

Rich man: where’s my chair. Okay I find one.

         Ladies, please stand in a line.

(every lady move in a line quickly)

         Show something what you can do.

         You first.

(point to the head one)

Lady 1: hello I am lady 1, I know you a lot. I know you are yong, rich. And most of the girls know you.

Rich man: I agree with you and where do you know me?

Lady 1: I know you from everywhere, I can see you from tv programs. If I could be your girlfriend I can do all the housework and I can take care of your parents.

Rich man: I got a robot and it can everything. My parents are very heathy, they don’t need to take care. Okay. Next.

Lady 2: I know you are rich and I like rich man.

Rich man: well do you want to marry me or my money?

         Okay next.

Lady 3: I don’t like your money. I am interesting in you and you are interesting in me.

Rich man: how do you know I am interesting in you.

Lady 3: we can be together for some time maybe…

Richman: okay. Next please.

Lady 4: I don’t like you. And I don’t want to come but my mother ask me.

Rich man: you know what, I like this one.

Lady 2: she is our leader and we are a group. All of our hate the rich men. They always cheat innocent girls.

Rich man: I am kind. I never dis that. Okay the last stay here and other three ladies can get 10million dollars each.

(Applause)

12/19/2008

the moon

I mwt the moon on the way i came to work these two days.

The moon is very big and bright,

even in the morning.

Its bright and cold light throw my memety to the high middle school.

I leaded an astronomy group.

We read books about and astonomy and physics.

We observed plants, comets and galaxy.

We watched videos of laics.

We enjoyed Achaean fables about the sky and stars.

Through the telescope,

I stared the detailed moon,

the huge and scorching sun,

the Jupiter and his secondary planets.

the mysterious star cluser.

 

the moon is spatio-temporal machine,

which takes me to the past.

12/5/2008

My model + 校友 = 陈志武

耶鲁大学终身教授陈志武

    陈志武,出生于革命老区湖南茶陵,1983年获中南工业大学计算机学士学位,1986年获国防科技大学系统工程硕士学位,1986年去美国留学,放弃了攻读7年的计算机专业,转而学习经济,并于1990年获耶鲁大学金融学博士学位。 
     
    曾经获得过墨顿·米勒奖学金。现在是美国耶鲁大学管理学院金融学终身教授,北京大学光华管理学院特聘教授。陈教授是金融经济学、财务学理论、证券定价、新兴资本市场以及中国经济和资本市场方面的专家。陈教授在大量一流财经类学刊发表研究论文,涉及从股票定价和期权定价理论到有关外汇、资本市场发展、基金管理和投资战略的研究。最近几年,陈教授的研究主要集中在中国转型过程中的市场发展和制度机制建立的问题以及其它新兴资本市场问题。“什么制度机制对市场经济的发展是必要的?”“金融创新在经济发展过程中扮演什么角色?”这些都是陈教授研究关注的问题。陈教授的著作常被《华尔街日报》、《纽约时报》、《远东经济评论》、The Boston Globe、Barron's 所引用,也常发表于许多香港和大陆的报纸和杂志上。另外,他还是Zebra Capital Management 三位合伙人之一, 以及《新财富》杂志的专栏作家和学术顾问。 
     
    作为金融学家,陈志武教授应邀为美国哥伦比亚大学、斯坦福大学、纽约大学、宾夕法尼亚大学等多所大学和美国金融学会、欧洲金融学会、联邦储备委员会、世界计量经济学会等,以及加拿大、韩国、香港、新加坡等多个国家和地区的大学、知名研究机构和政府机构举办过专场演讲。
     
    2000年,一项颇得全球经济学家首肯的世界经济学家排名出炉,在前1000名经济学家中,有19人来自中国,陈志武教授的排名是第202位。
     
    主要研究方向:市场监管、资本市场、证券投资管理、公司治理、公司财务与组织战略、股票定价等问题。
    
    陈志武:农家子弟在美学界展风采
    
    在美国的金融市场上,已有一批来自中国大陆的人士或是在证券分析领域或是在华尔街第一线崭露头角。而在金融教育与研究领域,能够取得如陈志武教授一样有自己舞台的专家则不多。
     
    耶鲁大学管理学院的网页上是这样介绍陈志武的:经历:金融学教授、俄亥俄州立大学副教授/助理教授、威斯康辛大学助理教授。教育:耶鲁大学博士、国防科技大学硕士、中南科技大学学士。教授课程:金融经济与金融理论(博士),投资管理、期货与期权、投资理论与实践(工商管理与本科)。
     
    能够在著名高等学府讲坛上站稳脚步,一般人自然会猜想陈教授可能来自书香世家。但陈志武的家庭与此相距十万八千里,出生在湖南茶陵乡下的陈志武,父母都是农民,而他自己在1978年暑假之前,连县城都没有去过。按照他自己的话说,“我从小基本上是自己管自己。如果父母懂文化,按中国传统方式管我,或许我就不会是今天的我了。” 
     
    今年40多岁的陈志武表示,他能够在耶鲁大学获得自己的一席之地,主要是坚持走自己的路,做自己喜欢的事。在学术研究、特别是社会科学研究方面“没有什么理论是不能被挑战、不能问一个为什么的”。 
     
    靠着这样的信念,陈志武在人生的路上走过了一程又一程,一步步迈向自己的目标。虽然陈志武谦逊的说,他自己没有什么成功可言,但他的奋斗历程、他所走过的“较为平顺”之路,对大家都会有所启迪。 
     
    陈志武在纽约接受采访时说,他1978年高中毕业时曾经参加高考,但却名落孙山。“如果父母不是农民,或许我会感受很大的压力,但正因为他们没有管我,也没有办法管我,所以才能有一个自由的复读环境,第二年就考上了中南科技大学,选修当时还没有听说过的计算机专业”。
     
    大学毕业后,陈志武考取了位于长沙的国防科技大学硕士研究所,攻读系统工程专业。但原本看来应该往理工科方向发展的陈志武,却充满理想主义,认为中国大陆很少有人从数理的角度研究政治机制,结果在1986年拿到硕士学位留校任教后,要求分到政治教研室从事社会科学研究,为该校第一个不是学哲学或政治经济学而进入政治教研室的老师,他还曾与别人合写文章,从数理的角度探索民主的规则和设计,研究怎样的规则才能真正体现民主的不同概念。 
     
    陈志武说,虽然知道研究政治问题的风险,但或许是湖南人的倔强脾气,还是选择这条道路。而学理工出身,数学的严谨、科学的客观以及实验数据的准确,均对他自己从事经济与政治研究的方法与思维有很大帮助。 
     
    工作半年后,随着出国留学风潮起,陈志武来到了耶鲁大学管理学院。他表示,选择金融经济学纯属偶然。本来是想研究数理政治学和经济学的他听朋友建议,该专业有两名著名教授以及该专业工作机会多,就作出了这一决定。1990年毕业后,陈志武开始了教育生涯,1999年重返耶鲁管理学院。
     
    在大学,陈志武发表了一系列学术论文,研究领域主要在资本市场、实体经济与资产定价方面,最近几年则主要研究资本市场和市场经济所必须依赖的法治、新闻媒体等制度环境,因为这更为接近他的理念。陈志武的许多论文发表在《美国经济评论》(American Economic Review)、《经济理论》(Journal of Econimic Theory)与《金融经济学》(Journal of Financial Economics)等杂志上。
     
    陈志武当初选择金融经济学时,中国大陆尚没有正轨的金融市场。而2001年一次偶然的机会了解到大陆金融市场的巨大变化之后,陈志武开始转入研究大陆的问题、法律以及媒体问题,并创办了该学院的中国研究项目。他说,大陆特殊的市场机制与全球其它市场全然不同,因此有许多值得研究的问题,并在大陆一系列刊物上发表了研究文章。 
     
    与一般做学问的书生不同的是,陈志武还以所学作投资,与朋友于1998年共同创办了价值引擎公司(Value Engine),后来又建立了另外一家避险基金公司,自己的理论知识具体实践,相互补充。陈志武表示,从事有关中国金融研究,与不少富商和政府官员打过交道,自己在美国的公司能赚钱,就可避免别人怀疑自己的方案与建议是否背后有其它经济利益,从而增加研究分析的客观性。(赵仁方/来源美国世界新闻网)
11/25/2008

罗斯柴尔德 与 美联储:::私有的中央银行

美联储:::私有的中央银行
一个伟大的工业国家被信用系统牢牢地控制着。这个信用系统高度地集中。这
个国家的发展和我们所有的(经济)活动完全掌握在少数人手中。我们已经沦为
最糟糕地统治之下,一种世界上最完全最彻底的控制。zf 不再有自由的意见,
不再拥有司法定罪权,不再是那个多数选民选择的 zf,而是在极少数拥有支配
权的人意见和强迫之下(运作)的 zf
这个国家的很多工商业人士都畏惧着某种东西。他们知道这种看不见的权力是如
此的有组织、如此的悄然无形、如此的无孔不入、如此的互锁在一起、如此的彻
底和全面,以至于他们不敢公开去谴责这种权力。
[3.1]
美国第 28届总统伍德罗.威尔逊
本章导读本章导读本章导读
不算夸张地说,直到今天,中国可能也没有几个经济学家知道美联储其实是私有
的中央银行。所谓
联邦储备银行,其实既不是联邦,更没有储备
也算不上
银行
多数中国 zf的官员可能会想当然地认为是美国 zf发行着美元,实际情况是,美
zf根本没有货币发行权!1963年肯尼迪总统遇刺后,美国zf最终丧失了
仅剩的
白银美元的发行权。美国 zf要想得到美元,就必须将美国人民的未
来税收(国债),抵押给私有的美联储,由美联储来发行
美联储券,这就是
美元
美联储的性质和来历在美国的学术界和新闻媒体中,是一个大家心照不宣的
禁区。媒体每天可以长篇累牍地辩论同性恋婚姻这类无关痛痒的问题,
而对到底谁控制着货币发行,这样一个关系到每一个人、每一天、每一分钱收入 、
每一项贷款利息支付的
利益攸关的问题,几乎只字不提。
读到这里,如果您有吃惊的感觉,说明这一问题是重要的,而您居然不知道。这
一章将讲述被美国主流媒体刻意
过滤掉的美联储成立的辛秘,当我们拿着放
大镜,用慢镜头回放这一影响世界历史进程的重大事件的最后关头时,事件发展
将精确到以小时为单位。
1913年12月23日,美国民选 zf终于被金钱权力所颠覆。1.神秘的哲基
(Jekyll)1910 11 22 日夜,纽约城外一节完全密封的火车车厢里,所有的车窗全部被
窗帘严密地遮挡住,列车缓缓向南驶去。车厢里坐着的全是美国最重要的银行家 ,
没有任何人知道他们此行的目的地。列车的终点是数百英里之外的佐治亚州的哲
基尔岛。
佐治亚州的哲基尔岛是一群美国超级富豪拥有的冬季度假胜地,以 JP摩根为首
的大腕们成立了一个哲基尔岛打猎俱乐部。地球上六分之一的财富聚集在这个俱
乐部会员的手中,会员身份只能继承,不可转让。此时,该俱乐部得到通知,有
人要使用俱乐部场所大约两个星期,所有会员不能在这段时间内使用会所。会所
的所有服务人员全部从大陆调来,对所有到达会所的客人一律只称呼名,而绝对
不能使用姓氏。会所周围 50英里的范围内被确保不会出现任何记者。
当一切准备就绪,客人们出现在会所中。参加这个绝密会议的有:
尼尔森.奥利奇(Nelson Aldrich),参议员,国家货币委员会(National Monetary
Commission
)主席,尼尔森.洛克菲勒的外祖父
皮亚特.安德鲁(A. Piatt Andrew),美国财政部助理部长
弗兰特.范德里普(Frank Vanderlip),纽约国家城市银行总裁(National City
Bank of New York)
亨利.戴维森(Henry P. Davison),J.P 摩根公司高级合伙人
查尔斯.诺顿(Charles D. Norton),纽约第一国家银行(First National Bank
of New York
)总裁
本杰明.斯特朗(Benjamin Strong),J.P 摩根的左膀右臂
保罗.沃伯格(Paul Warburg),德国犹太移民,1901 年到美国,库恩雷波公司
Kuhn Loeband Company)的高级合伙人,英国和法国的罗斯切尔德家族的代理
人,美联储的总设计师,第一任美联储董事。
这些重要人物来到这个偏僻的小岛,对来此打猎毫无兴趣,他们的主要任务是起
草一份重要的文件:联邦储备法案(Federal Reserve Act)
保罗.沃伯格是银行方面的高手,精通几乎所有的银行运作细节。当其他人有各
类问题时,保罗不仅耐心解答,更是滔滔不绝地讲解每一个细节概念的历史渊源 。
所有的人无不为他在银行方面的渊博知识所折服。保罗自然成为文件的主要起草
者和解释者。
尼尔森.奥利奇是所有人中唯一的外行,他负责要让文件内容符合政治正确的要
求,能够在国会被接受。其他人则代表不同的银行集团的利益,他们围绕着保罗
提出的方案细节进行了长达 9天的激烈争论,最后终于达成了共识。由于 1907年银行危机以来,银行家在美国人民心目中形象太差,以至国会议员
没有人胆敢公开支持由银行家参与制定的法案,所以这些人不远千里从纽约躲到
这个僻静的小岛来起草这个文件。另外,中央银行这个名称过于树大招风,自杰
弗逊总统以来,中央银行的名称始终与英国的国际银行家阴谋联系过紧,所以保
罗建议用联邦储备系统(Federal Reserve System)的名称来遮人耳目。但是,
它具有一切中央银行的职能,和英格兰银行一样,美联储被设计成私人拥有股份 ,
并将从中获得巨大的利益。与第一银行和第二银行不同的是,美联储的股份构成
中,原来20%的 zf股份被拿掉了,它将成为一个
纯粹的私有中央银行。
为了使联邦储备系统听起来更有欺骗性,在谁控制美联储的问题上,保罗巧妙地
提出
国会控制美联储,zf 在董事会中拥有代表,但是董事会的多数成员由银
行协会直接或间接控制。

后来,保罗在最后的版本中改为董事会成员由美国总统任命,但是董事会的
真正功能由联邦咨询委员会(Federal Advisory Council)所控制,联邦咨询委
员会与董事会定期开会
讨论工作。联邦咨询委员会成员将由 12家联邦储备
银行的董事决定,这一点被有意的向公众隐瞒了。
另一个保罗要应付的难题是如何隐藏纽约的银行家将主导美联储这个事实。19
世纪以来,美国中西部广大中小商人,农场主饱受银行危机的浩劫,对东部银行
家深恶痛绝,这些地区的议员不可能支持纽约银行家占主导的中央银行。保罗为
此设计了一套 12家美联储地区银行构成整个系统的天才解决方案。在银行圈子
之外,很少有人明白,在美国货币和信贷发放高度集中在纽约地区这一基本情况
下,提议建议各地区联储银行只不过是给人造成中央银行的业务并没有集中在纽
约的假象罢了。
还有一个体现保罗深谋远虑之处的就是将美联储总部设在政治首都华盛顿,而有
意远离它真正接受指令的金融之都纽约,以进一步分散公众对纽约银行家的顾
虑。
第四个保罗的困扰是如何产生 12家地区美联储银行的管理人员,尼尔森.奥利奇
的国会经验终于派上了用场。他指出中西部的议员普遍对纽约银行家有敌意,为
了避免失控现象,所有地区银行的董事应该由总统任命,而不要由国会插手。但
是这造成了一个法律漏洞,宪法第一章第八节明确规定由国会负责管理发行货
币,将国会排除在外,意味着美联储从一开始就违背了宪法。后来果然这一点成
为了很多议员攻击美联储的靶子。
在经过这一番颇具匠心的安排以后,该法案俨然以模拟美国宪法分权与制衡的面
目出现。总统任命,国会审核,独立人士任董事,银行家做顾问,真是滴水不漏
的设计!2.华尔街七巨头:美联储的幕后推手
2.2.2.
华尔街七巨头:美联储的幕后推手华尔街七巨头:美联储的幕后推手华尔街七巨头:美联储的幕后推手
华尔街的七个人现在控制了美国大部分基础工业和资源。其中 JP摩根,杰姆
.希尔,乔治.贝克(纽约第一国家银行的总裁),属于所谓摩根集团;其余四
人,约翰.洛克菲勒,威廉.洛克菲勒,杰姆斯.斯蒂尔曼(国家城市银行总裁),
雅各布.谢夫(库恩雷波公司),属于标准石油城市银行集团。他们所构成的资
本的核心枢纽控制着美国。

约翰.穆迪(著名的穆迪投资评估体系的创始人)1911
华尔街的七位大腕们正是建立美联储的真正幕后推手。他们之间以及他们与欧洲
的罗斯切尔德家族的秘密协调最终建立了英格兰银行在美国的翻版。
摩根家族的兴起
摩根银行的前身是不太为人所知的英国乔治.皮博迪公司(George Peabody and
Company
)。乔治.皮博迪原是美国巴尔的摩的一个干货商,在发了一些小财之后 ,
1835年来到英国伦敦闯世界。他瞧准了金融行业是个发财的行业,就开始在
伦敦和一些商人一起做起承兑银行(Merchant Bank)的生意,这是当时的一种非
常时髦的
高级金融High Finance)业务,客户主要包括zf,大公司和大富
豪们。他们提供国际贸易贷款,发行股票和债券,经营大宗商品,这就是现代投
资银行的前身。
乔治.皮博迪通过巴尔的摩的布朗兄弟公司在英国分号的引荐,很快打入了英国
的金融圈子。不久,乔治.皮博迪非常吃惊地收到内森.罗斯切尔德男爵的邀请前
去做客。诚惶诚恐的乔治.皮博迪觉得能被名震世界银行界的内森请去做客,就
好像天主教徒被教皇接见一般荣幸。内森开门见山地提出希望乔治.皮博迪帮他
一个忙,做罗斯切尔德家族的秘密公关代理人。由于罗斯切尔德家族在欧洲巧取
豪夺,虽然家财万贯,可也被很多人痛恨和鄙视。伦敦的贵族阶级就不屑于与内
森为伍,屡次三番地拒绝内森的邀请,虽然罗斯切尔德在英国势力很大,但始终
有些被贵族孤立的感觉。内森看中乔治.皮博迪的另一个原因是他为人谦和,人
缘颇佳,又是美国人,今后还可以派上大用。乔治.皮博迪对内森的提议自然是
满口应承,一应公关开销全由内森买单,乔治.皮博迪的公司很快就成为伦敦著
名的社交中心。特别是每年 7 4日在乔治.皮博迪家举办的美国独立节宴会,
更是伦敦贵族圈子里的一件盛事[ 3.2]。客人们可能没有想到,富丽堂皇和气
派奢华的招待开销,岂是一个几年前还名不见经传的普通商人所能负担得起的。
直到 1854年,乔治.皮博迪还只是一个百万英镑级别的银行家,在短短的 6年之
内,他却发了一笔近 2000万英镑的横财,一举成为美国重量级的银行家。原来在罗斯切尔德家族策动的美国 1857年经济危机中,乔治.皮博迪由于大量投资在
美国铁路债券和 zf债券上,当英国的银行家突然狂抛和美国沾边儿的一切债券
时,乔治.皮博迪也被深度套牢。奇怪的是,英格兰银行在他濒临破产边缘的时
候,仿佛天使从天而降,紧急提供了 80万英镑的信用额度,不仅把他从死神身
边夺了回来,更鬼使神差般地使一贯极端谨慎和早已失魂落魄的乔治.皮博迪赌
出全部身家,大笔吃进被惊恐万状的美国债券投资者当作垃圾抛售的各类债券,
1857
年的危机全然不同于1837 年的10 年萧条,仅一年时间,美国的经济就完
全走出衰退的阴影。结果,乔治.皮博迪手中的美国债券使他很快成为超级富豪,
这与 1815年内森的英国国债战役惊人的相似。在没有内线准确信息的情况下,
刚从破产噩梦中惊醒过来的乔治.皮博迪,是断然不敢大量吃进美国债券的。
乔治.皮博迪一生没有子嗣,庞大的产业无人继承,他为此煞费苦心,终于决定
邀请年青的朱尼厄斯.摩根(Junius Morgan)入伙。在乔治.皮博迪退休以后,
朱尼厄斯.摩根接掌了全部生意,并将公司改名为朱尼厄斯.摩根公司(Junius S.
Morgan and Company
),仍然设在伦敦。后来,朱尼厄斯的儿子 JP摩根接掌了
公司,后来他将美国的分支改名为 JP摩根公司(J. P. Morgan and Company)。
1869
年,JP摩根和佐格索(Drexel)在伦敦与罗斯切尔德家族会面,摩根家族
完全继承了乔治.皮博迪与罗斯切尔德家族的关系,并将这种合作发展到一个新
的高度。1880 年,JP摩根开始大量资助重组铁路公司的商业活动。
1891
25日,罗斯切尔德家族和英国的其他一些银行家成立了秘密组织

桌会议集团
,美国也建立了相应的组织,牵头的就是摩根家族。第一次世界大
战以后,美国的
圆桌会议集团更名为外交协会Council on Foreign
Relation
),英国改为
皇家国际事务协会Royal Institute of
International Affairs
)。美英两国 zf的许多重要官员就是从这两个协会中被
挑选出来的。
1899
年,J.P.摩根和佐格索(Drexel)到英国伦敦参加国际银行家大会。当他
们回来时,J.P.摩根已经被指派为罗斯切尔德家族在美国利益的首席代理人。伦
敦会议的结果就是,纽约的 J.P.摩根公司,费城的佐格索公司,伦敦的格伦费
尔(Grenfell)公司,巴黎的摩根.哈杰斯.希公司(Morgan Harjes Cie),德
国和美国的沃伯格公司(M.M.Warburg Company),和罗斯切尔德家族完全联系
在一起了。
[ 3.3]
1901年,J.P.摩根以 5亿美元的天价收购了卡内基的钢铁公司,并组建了世
界上第一家市值超过 10亿美元的巨无霸,美国钢铁公司(United States Steel
Corporation
)。JP 摩根被当时认为是世界上最富有的人,可是,据国家临时经
济委员会(Temporary National Economic Committee)的报告,他仅拥有自己
公司 9%的股份。看来,声明赫赫的摩根还只是一个前台人物。
洛克菲勒:石油大王
老约翰.洛克菲勒在美国历史上是一个颇有争议的人物,被人们冠以
最冷酷无情的人。他的名字自然是和大名鼎鼎的标准石油公司密不可分的。他的石油生
涯开始于美国内战时期(1861-1865),直到 1870年他成立美国标准石油公司时,
生意做得仍然属于一般水准。自从得到克里夫兰国家城市银行的一批种子贷款
后,他好像一下子找到了感觉,尤其是在恶意竞争方面展现出超乎常人的想象力 。
在他非常看好的石油精炼行业中,他很早就悟出石油精炼虽然短期利润极高,但
由于没有控制的激烈竞争,终将陷入自杀般的恶性竞争。办法只有一个,毫不留
情地消灭竞争对手,为此目的可以不惜一切手段。
具体方法是,首先由其控制但不为人所知的中间公司提出低价现金收购竞争对
手,如果遭到拒绝,竞争对手将面临惨烈的价格战,直到对方屈服或破产。如果
还不奏效,洛克菲勒最后将祭出拿手绝招:暴力破坏。殴打竞争对手的工人,放
火焚烧对手厂房等,几个回合下来,幸存者寥寥无几。如此霸道的垄断行为,虽
然引起了同行的公愤,但也招来了纽约银行家的高度兴趣。酷爱垄断的银行家非
常欣赏洛克菲勒的实现垄断的高度执行力。
罗斯切尔德家族一直煞费苦心想控制日益强大的美国,但屡屡失手。控制一个欧
洲的国王比控制一个民选 zf要简单得多。美国内战以后,罗斯切尔德家族开始
部署控制美国的计划。在金融业,有摩根银行和库恩雷波公司,在工业界还一直
没有物色到合适的代理人选,洛克菲勒的所作所为,让罗斯切尔德家族眼前一亮 。
如果在金融方面给予大量输血,洛克菲勒的实力会远远超出小小的克里夫兰地
区。
罗斯切尔德家族派出他们在美国最重要的金融战略家库恩雷波公司的雅各布.
夫(JacobSchiff)。1875 年,雅各布.谢夫亲赴克里夫兰去指点洛克菲勒下一
步的扩张计划。雅各布.谢夫带来了洛克菲勒想都不敢想的空前支持,由于罗斯
切尔德此时通过摩根银行和库恩雷波公司已经控制了美国 95%的铁路运力,雅各
.谢夫拟定了一个由影子公司(SouthImprovementCompany)出面,给洛克菲勒
的标准石油公司提供非常低廉的运费折扣,在这个运费折扣压力之下,没有几家
炼油公司还能够继续生存。洛克菲勒很快就完全垄断了美国石油行业,成了名符
其实的
石油大王
雅各布.谢夫(Jacob Schiff):罗斯切尔德的金融战略家
罗斯切尔德家族和谢夫家族之间的密切关系可以上溯到 1785年,当老罗斯切尔
德举家搬到法兰克福的一幢五层楼房时,与谢夫家族合住了多年。同为德国犹太
银行家,两家有长达百年的通家之好。
1865
年,当年仅18 岁的雅各布.谢夫在英国罗斯切尔德银行见习了一段时间以
后,来到美国。在林肯总统被刺杀之后,雅各布将协调在美国的欧洲银行家代理
人之间的利益,共同推动建立美国的私有中央银行制度。他的另外一个目的就是
发现、培养欧洲银行的代理人,并将他们输送到 zf、法院、银行、工业、新闻
等各种重要的位置上,以待时机。1875 1 1 日,雅各布加盟库恩雷波公司,并从此成为公司的核心。在强大
的罗斯切尔德支持之下,库恩雷波公司最终成为美国 19世纪末和 20世纪初最著
名的投资银行之一。
杰姆斯.希尔(James J.Hill):铁路大王
铁路的建设是严重依赖金融支持的重要基础行业,美国庞大的铁路工业的发展,
在很大程度上是仰赖英国和其他欧洲国家的资本市场的金钱才得以实现的。控制
美国铁路债券在欧洲的发行,就成为掌握美国铁路工业命脉的直接手段。1873
年由于国际银行家们对美国突然实施金融紧缩,狂抛美国债券,美国铁路债券也
未能幸免。当危机结束的 1879年时,罗斯切尔德家族已成为美国铁路最大的债
权人,只要他高兴,可以随时掐断任何美国铁路公司的金融命脉。在这样的时代
背景之下,靠汽船运输和煤矿起家的杰姆斯.希尔必须投靠在金融家的旗下,才
可能在铁路行业惨烈的竞争中生存和壮大,摩根正是他的背后金融靠山。在摩根
的大力扶持下,利用1873年危机后大量铁路公司倒闭的机会,杰姆斯.希尔实现
了迅速兼并和扩张的计划。
1893年,杰姆斯.希尔拥有横贯美国大陆的铁路梦想终于实现了。在争夺中西
部铁路控制权时(Chicago,Burlington and Quincy Railroad),杰姆斯.希尔
遭遇到了强大的对手,由洛克菲勒财团支持的太平洋联合铁路(Union Pacific
Railroad
)向他发动了突然袭击。太平洋联合铁路的总裁哈里曼开始秘密收购杰
姆斯.希尔控制的北方太平洋铁路公司(Northern Pacific)的股票,当杰姆斯.
希尔惊觉即将失去控制权时,哈里曼还差 40000股就大功告成了。杰姆斯.希尔
立即向正在欧洲度假的后台老板摩根紧急求救,摩根马上指令手下反击洛克菲勒
的挑战。一时间华尔街烽烟四起,对北方太平洋铁路公司股票的争夺达到了白热
化的程度,每股价格一度达到 1000美元的天价。
两强相斗必有一伤,最后国际银行家们不得不出面调停,达成的最终结果是成立
一家新的控股公司,北方证券公司(Northern Securities Company),两强共同
控制美国北方的铁路运输。在公司成立当天,麦金利总统被刺杀,副总统老罗斯
福继任。在老罗斯福的强力反对下,北方证券公司被美国 1890年通过的《谢尔
曼反垄断法》强制解体。受挫之后,杰姆斯.希尔的发展方向掉头向南,收购了
从科罗拉多直抵得克萨斯的铁路。到 1916年去世时,杰姆斯.希尔积累了 5300
万美元的财产。
沃伯格(Warburg)兄弟
1902
年,保罗和费里克斯兄弟从德国法兰克福移民到美国。出身于银行世家的
两兄弟,对银行业务十分精通,尤其是保罗,堪称当世金融顶尖高手。罗斯切尔
德非常看重保罗的天分,特意从欧洲战略联盟的沃伯格家族银行(M.M.Warburg
and Co
)将两兄弟抽调到急需人才的美国战线。3.策立美联储的前哨战:1907 年银行危机
此时,罗斯切尔德家族在美国推行私有中央银行的计划已近百年,始终起起伏伏
没有最终得手。这一次,保罗将承担主攻任务。在抵达美国不久,保罗加盟先头
部队
雅各布.谢夫(Jacob Schiff)的库恩雷波公司,并娶了谢夫妻妹的女儿,费里
克斯则娶了谢夫的女儿。
老罗斯福和威尔逊总统两朝金融顾问加里森(Colonel Ely Garrison)指 出 :

奥利奇计划在全国招致愤恨和反对的情况下,是保罗.沃伯格先生把美联储法案
重新组合起来的。这两份计划的背后的天才智慧都来源于伦敦的阿尔弗雷德.
斯切尔德。

3.3.3.
策立美联储的前哨战:策立美联储的前哨战:策立美联储的前哨战:190719071907 年银行危机年银行危机年银行危机
1903
年,保罗将一份如何将欧洲中央银行的
先进经验介绍到美国的行动纲
领交给雅各布.谢夫,这份文件随后又被转交给纽约国家城市银行(后来的花旗
银行)总裁杰姆斯.斯蒂尔曼和纽约的银行家圈子,大家都觉得保罗的思想真如
醍醐灌顶,使大家顿开茅塞。
问题是美国历史上反对私有中央银行的政治力量和民间力量相当强大,纽约银行
家在美国工业界和中小业主的圈子里口碑极差。国会的议员们对银行家提出的任
何有关私有中央银行的提案都像躲避瘟疫一般避之唯恐不及。在这样的政治气氛
中想通过有利于银行家的中央银行法案势比登天。
为了扭转这种不利的态势,一场巨大的金融危机开始被构想出来。
首先是新闻舆论导向开始大量出现宣传新金融理念的文章。1907 1 6 日发
表了保罗的文章,题目是
我们银行系统的缺点和需
DefectsandNeedsofOurBankingSystem),从此保罗成为美国倡导中央银
行制度的首席吹鼓手。此后不久,雅各布.谢夫在纽约商会宣称
除非我们拥有
一个足以控制信用资源的中央银行,否则我们将经历一场前所未有而且影响深远
的金融危机。

苍蝇不叮没缝的鸡蛋,和 1837年,1857 年,1873年,1884 年和1893 年一样,
银行家们早已瞧出经济过热发展中出现的严重泡沫现象,这也是他们不断放松银
根所导致的必然结果。整个过程形象的说就像银行家在鱼塘里养鱼,当银行家向
鱼塘里放水时就是在放松银根,向经济体大量注入货币,在得到大量的金钱之后 ,
各行各业的人就开始在金钱的诱惑之下日夜苦干,努力创造财富,这个过程就像
水塘里的鱼儿使劲吸收各种养分,越长越肥。当银行家看到收获的时机成熟时,
就会突然收紧银根,从鱼塘中开始抽水,这时鱼塘里的多数鱼儿就只有绝望地等
着被捕获的命运。但是,什么时候开始抽水捞鱼却只有几个最大的银行寡头知道,当一个国家建立
了私有的中央银行制度以后,银行寡头对放水抽水的控制就更加得心应手,收获
也就越加精确。经济发展与衰退和财富积累与蒸发都成为银行家科学饲养的必然
结果。
摩根和他背后的国际银行家们精确地计算着这次金融风暴的预估成果。首先是震
撼美国社会,让
事实说明一个没有中央银行的社会是多么脆弱。其次是挤垮
和兼并中小竞争对手,尤其是令银行家颇为侧目的信托投资公司。还有就是让他
们垂涎已久的重要企业。
时髦的信托投资公司在当时享有许多银行不能经营的业务,zf 监管方面又非常
宽松,这一切导致了信托投资公司过度吸纳社会资金并投资于高风险的行业和股
市。到1907 10月危机爆发时,纽约一半左右的银行贷款都被高利息回报的信
托投资公司作为抵押投在高风险的股市和债券上,整个金融市场陷入极度投机状
态。
摩根在此之前的几个月里一直在欧洲的伦敦与巴黎之间
度假,经过国际金融
家们精心策划,摩根回到美国。不久,纽约突然开始广泛流传美国第三大信托公
司尼克伯克(KnickerbockerTrust)即将破产,流言像病毒一般迅速传染了整个
纽约,惊恐万状的存款市民在各个信托公司门口彻夜排队等候取出他们的存款。
银行则要求信托公司立即还贷,受到两面催款的信托公司只好向股票市场借钱
MarginLoan),借款利息一下冲到 150%的天价。到10 24 日,股市交易几
乎限于停盘状态。
摩根此时以救世主的面目出现了,当纽约证交所主席来到摩根的办公室求救时,
他声音颤抖地表示如果不能在下午 3点之前筹集到 2500万美元,至少50家交易
商将会破产,他除了关闭股票市场将别无选择。下午两点,摩根紧急召开银行家
会议,在 16分钟里,银行家们筹足了钱。摩根立即派人到证交所宣布借款利息
将以 10%敞开供应,交易所里立即就是一片欢呼。仅过了一天,紧急救助的资金
告罄,利息再度疯长。八家银行和信托公司已经倒闭。摩根赶到纽约清算银行,
要求发放票据作为临时货币以因应严重的现金短缺。
11
2 日星期六,摩根开始了他蓄谋已久的计划,
拯救仍在风雨飘摇之中
的摩尔斯莱(MooreandSchley)公司。该公司已陷入 2500万美元的债务,濒临
倒闭。但是它却是田纳西矿业和制铁公司(TennesseeCoalandIronCompany)的
主要债权人,如果摩尔斯莱被迫破产清偿,纽约股市将完全崩溃,波及后果不堪
设想。摩根将纽约金融圈子里的大腕悉数请到他的图书馆,商业银行家被安排在
东书房,信托公司老总被安排在西书房,惶惶不可终日的金融家们焦急地等待着
摩根给他们安排的命运。
摩根深知田纳西矿业和制铁公司拥有的田纳西州、亚拉巴马州和佐治亚州的铁矿
和煤矿资源将大大加强摩根自己创办的钢铁巨无霸:美国钢铁公司的垄断地位。
在反垄断法的制约之下,摩根始终对这块大肥肉无法下嘴,而这次危机给他创造
了一个难得的兼并机会。摩根的条件是,为了拯救摩尔斯莱公司和整个信托行业 ,
信托公司必须集资 2500万美元来维持信托公司不至崩溃,美国钢铁公司从摩尔4.从金本位到法定货币(Fiat Money):银行家世界观的大
转变
斯莱手中买下田纳西矿业和制铁公司的债权。焦虑烦躁的心情,濒临破产的压力 ,
和整夜未眠的极度疲倦的信托投资的老总们终于向摩根缴械投降。
在拿到田纳西矿业和制铁公司这块肥肉之后,喜不自胜的摩根还有最后一关要
过,那就是对反垄断一点不含糊的老罗斯福总统。11 3 日星期天晚上,摩根
派人星夜赶往华盛顿,务必在星期一上午股票市场开盘之前,拿到总统的批准。
银行危机,大批企业倒闭,失去一生积蓄的成千上万愤怒的人民形成了巨大的政
权危机,老罗斯福不得不借重摩根的力量来稳定大局,他在最后时刻被迫签下城
下之盟。此时距星期一股市开盘仅剩 5分钟!
纽约股市闻讯大涨。
摩根以 4500万美元的超低价吃下田纳西矿业和制铁公司,而该公司潜在价值按
照约翰.穆迪的评估至少在 10亿美元左右。[注:3.5]
每一次金融危机都是蓄谋已久的精确定向爆破,熠熠夺目的崭新金融大厦总是建
筑在成千上万破产者的废墟之上。
4.4.4.
从金本位到法定货币(从金本位到法定货币(从金本位到法定货币(FiatFiatFiat Money)Money)Money):银行家世界观的大:银行家世界观的大:银行家世界观的大
转变转变转变
十九世纪末以来,国际银行家对金钱的认识再一次实现重大飞跃。
原有的英格兰银行模式,即以国债作为抵押来发行货币,通过两者的死锁,实现
zf
举债,银行发行货币。确保债务规模越来越大,从而保证了银行家不断增长
的巨额收益,在金本位体系之下,银行家坚决反对通货膨胀,因为任何货币贬值
都直接伤害了银行家的利息实际收入。这种思路还是比较原始的放贷吃利息的办
法,主要的缺点就是财富积累得太慢,即使是用上部分准备金制度
FractionalReserve),仍然不足以满足银行家们日渐膨胀的胃口。特别是黄金
和白银增加缓慢,这就等于给银行放贷总量设了一个上限。
二十世纪之交的欧洲,银行家们已经摸索出一套更为高效也更为复杂的法定货币
体制。法定货币彻底摆脱了黄金和白银对贷款总量的刚性制约,让货币控制更加
弹性(Elastic),也更加隐秘。当银行家逐渐明白通过无限制增加货币供应来获
得的收益远比通货膨胀带来的贷款利息损失要大得多时,他们随即成为法定货币
最热烈的拥护者。通过急剧增发货币,银行家们等于掠夺整个国家储蓄者的巨额
财富,而比起原来银行强制拍卖别人财产的方式,通货膨胀要
文明得多,所
遇到人民的抵抗也要小得多,甚至难以为人察觉。在银行家的资助之下,通货膨胀的经济学探讨逐渐被引导到纯数学游戏的轨道
上,由于增发纸币所导致的通胀(CurrencyInflation)的概念已经在现代完全
被价格上涨的通胀(PriceInflation)理论所淹没。
这时,银行家们手中发财致富的手段中除了原有的
部分储备
FractionalReserve)制度,货币与国债死锁之外,又增加了一个更为强大
的工具:货币通胀(CurrencyInflation)。从此,银行家实现了从黄金的卫道
士到黄金的死敌这一戏剧性的转变。
凯恩斯就通货膨胀的评价可谓一针见血
用这个办法 zf可以秘密地和难以察觉
地没收人民的财富,一百万人中也很难有一个人能够发现这种偷窃行为。

准确地说在美国使用这个办法是私有的美联储而不是

11/13/2008

Goodbye

i cant forget the bittersweet experience.

i always dream the footloose life.

you came and left.

inspired my memeries.

 

we both got to grow up.and mature.

you are keen to try some new things by self.

i wanna see where the wind takes me.

 

if we meet one day,

hope we can stare each other again.

11/10/2008

Test your mathematic

Do this when you are boring.

 

Using all add maths symbol (eg: +, -, X, /, Kuasa, punca kuasa, log, and any other else) to make the total become 6.

+, -, X, / are used in the bracket. Others are used with the number.

              

Eg: (+), (-), (X), (/),

1 kuasa 2 or Log 2 or 9 punca kuasa 2

 

1 (  ) 1 (  ) 1 (  ) = 6

2 (  ) 2 (  ) 2 (  ) = 6

3 (  ) 3 (  ) 3 (  ) = 6

4 (  ) 4 (  ) 4 (  ) = 6

5 (  ) 5 (  ) 5 (  ) = 6

6 (  ) 6 (  ) 6 (  ) = 6

7 (  ) 7 (  ) 7 (  ) = 6

8 (  ) 8 (  ) 8 (  ) = 6

9 (  ) 9 (  ) 9 (  ) = 6

 

I got 8 correct in 20 minutes. How many do you get?

The one I can't answer is the first one. So, want to give some hints for the first one. It has + (plus sign), and your laptop numbers' symbol is the key.

10/28/2008

A INTERESTING TEXT

Have you ever heard of the saying, "a girl always falls in love with a bad guy"? I never understood the thoughts of these girls who love "bad" boys. What is the allure of "bad" boys? Actually, the word "bad" alone is enough to make me sprint away faster than "Runner Fan".

However, these girls believe that those "bad" boys are both intelligent and charming. They are good talkers, good dancers, and cool all the time. In a way, they have emotional intelligence that can surpass that of more sincere and less attractive boys.

Perhaps those guys really know how to flatter their girls and create romance, or when to say some "sweet words" to their girls. Moreover, they are somewhat humorous and can make their girls laugh happily. Sometimes, they might do some cheatings to their girls, smoke, drink or fight with some guys, as they are "bad". On the contrary, those good guys do not smoke or drink, let alone fight with others. They usually hide their love in their heart deeply. For them, responsibility and honesty are the priorities. They do not know how to create romance, flatter girls and say "sweet words".

A "player" or also known as a "bad" boy knows how to talk the talk, may be very handsome and charming, but when it comes to the actions, he is not caring or sensitive. He can attract a lot of girls at the same time, but remember to run away quickly after you have had your initial fun, because when you look back, you would wonder why you spent so much time with someone who does not really care about you.

Nice girls think that material things are cheap. They just want things that money cannot buy. They do not thrive on flattery. To them, sweet words are great but should be backed up by actions.

However, it takes a while to know someone. A "good boy" could very well be a "bad boy" once he sheds his mask. Once you realize this and you still have some self-respect left in you - run, do not walk!

While the real bad boys see girls in general as just a piece of meat, the fake "bad" boys can be just many things, like unsuccessful individuals (losers), like the guys that can never land a date. On the other hand, the ones that are one thing during the day and the other at the night are more dangerous, because people never know who they are. They are human predators. Most girls will not enjoy being manipulated and lied to, or dealing with the other girls that he flirted with regularly and strung along.

Are there any nice guys out there who are not only as smart and handsome, but also genuine from the bottom of their heart?

10/7/2008

deep diving from the milk scandal

Harvey Washington Wiley------Father of the Pure Food and Drugs Act

                                                   Father of the Association of Official Analytic Chemists1/1/1907 - 3/15/1912*

Harvey Washington Wiley was born in a log farmhouse in Indiana, in 1844. A top graduate of Hanover College (1867), Wiley then studied at Indiana Medical College where he received his M.D. in 1871. After he graduated, Wiley accepted a position teaching chemistry at the medical college, where he taught Indiana's first laboratory course in chemistry beginning in 1873. Following a brief interlude at Harvard, where he was awarded a B.S. degree after only a few months of intense effort, he accepted a faculty position in chemistry at the newly opened Purdue University in 1874. In 1878, Wiley travelled overseas where he attended the lectures of August Wilhelm von Hoffman the celebrated German discoverer of several organic tar derivatives, including analine. While in Germany, Wiley was elected to the prestigious German Chemical Society founded by Hoffman. Wiley spent most of his time in the Imperial Food Laboratory in Bismarck working with Eugene Sell, mastering the use of the polariscope and studying sugar chemistry. Upon his return to Purdue, Wiley was asked by the Indiana State Board of Health to analyze the sugars and syrups on sale in the state to detect any adulteration. He spent his last years at Purdue studying sorghum culture and sugar chemistry, hoping, as did others, to help the United States develop a strong domestic sugar industry. His first published paper in 1881 discussed the adulteration of sugar with glucose.

Wiley was offered the position of Chief Chemist in the U. S. Department of Agriculture by George Loring, the Commissioner of Agriculture, in 1882. Loring was seeking to replace Peter Collier, his current Chief Chemist, with someone who could employ a more objective approach to the study of sorghum, the potential of which as a sugar source, was far from proven. Wiley accepted the offer after being passed over for the presidency of Purdue, allegedly because he was "too young and too jovial," unorthodox in his religious beliefs, and also a bachelor. Wiley brought with him to Washington a practical knowledge of agriculture, a sympathetic approach to the problems of agricultural industry and an untapped talent for public relations. After assisting Congress in their earliest questions regarding the safety of the chemical preservatives then being employed in foods, Wiley was appropriated $5,000 in 1902 to study the effects of a diet consisting in part of the various preservatives on human volunteers. These famous "poison squad" studies drew national attention to the need for a federal food and drug law. Wiley soon became a crusader and coalition builder in support of national food and drug regulation which earned him the title of "Father of the Pure Food and Drugs Act" when it became law in 1906.1 Wiley authored two editions of Foods and Their Adulteration (1907 and 1911), which detailed for a broad audience the history, preparation and subsequent adulteration of basic foodstuffs. He was also a founding father of the Association of Official Analytic Chemists, and left a legacy to the American pure food movement as its "crusading chemist" that was both broad and substantial.

The fact that enforcement of the federal Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 was given to the Bureau of Chemistry rather than placed in the Department of Commerce or the Department of the Interior is a tribute to the scientific qualifications which the Bureau of Chemistry brought to the study of food and drug adulteration and misbranding. The first food and drug inspectors were hired to complement the work of the laboratory scientists, and an inspection program was launched which revolutionized the country's food supply within the first decade under the new federal law. Wiley's tenure, however, was marked by controversy over the administration of the 1906 statute which he had worked so hard to secure. Concerns over preserving chemicals, which had not been specifically addressed in the law, continued to be controversial. The Secretary of Agriculture appointed a Referee Board of Consulting Scientists, headed by Ira Remsen at Johns Hopkins to repeat Wiley's human trials of preservatives. The use of saccharin, bleached flour, caffeine, and benzoate of soda were all important issues which had to be ultimately settled by the courts in the early days under the new law. Under Wiley's leadership, however, the Bureau of Chemistry grew significantly, both in strength and in stature after assuming responsibility for the enforcement of the 1906 Act. Between 1906 and 1912, Wiley's staff expanded from 110 to 146 and in 1910 the Bureau moved into its own building. Appropriations, which had been only $155,000 in 1906 were $963,780 in 1912.

In 1912, Wiley resigned and took over the laboratories of Good Housekeeping Magazine where he established the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval and worked tirelessly on behalf of the consuming public. Harvey Wiley died at his home in Washington in 1930, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

*Although the Pure Food and Drug Act was signed into law by President Theodore Roosevelt on June 6, 1906, it did not become effective until Jan. 1, 1907. Dr. Wiley had been conducting laboratory studies on food adulteration as part of his job with the Department of Agriculture since 1883.

9/27/2008

i'l go back to my hometown tomorrow

this is the first time that i go back,but i have no feeling,actually i dont want to
9/22/2008

my ideal girlfriend

I joint the Sunday meeting of the wring and publishing club, and during the meeting everybody needed to write some words, the topic is ur ideal girlfriend/boyfriend. I wrote some words during the 5 minutes.

 

You got a smaile so bright,

U know u could’v been a candle.

I’m holding u so tight,

U know u could’v been a handle.

U sweept me off my feet,

U know u could’v been a broom.

Oh, baby, u smell so sweete,

U know u could been some perfume.

Well u could’v been anything that u want to,

I can tell… the way u do the thing u do.

 

I don't know the face of my ideal girlfriend. I just know she can give a very special feeling.what wver she is happy, or sad, or shouting, even losing temper, I still love her. I don't care her education, profession, rich or not. I don't care, just like the song, I love all of her, I just love who she is. This is my ideal girlfriend.

Transformasions

Transformasions

Everyone wearing a pair of special glasses,existing in the world.

This pair of glasses that only belongs to yourself,its longitude, latitude, span, only belongs to you.

We are all behind it,scanning our yesterday,today and tomorrow.

The interleaving among peaple,accomplish a net.

Anfractuosly I barge in yours today,you crashed into his yesterday.

Everyone sinks and emerge in the crowd.

It looks like more and more social,actualy more and more lonely.

 

 None but when the golded,golden ligament links peaple,

Abruptly all the world changes,dreamess turns into breeziness.

The ligament is dgenuine love, is unconditional, almighty, previleged love.

 

 In dimly slumber, the arc of lip blots out the tear stains of palpeb.

The deep owe replaces the faint pain.

in another time, another space, another place.

One is praying, praying us be safe, happy, healthy.

 

When life resumes peace, when dream disilludes gradually, when obliquity turns in focus.

There is in reserve thanksgiving, cherishing, yearning and memory still as when new.

Life regresses peace in flowerness, turns beginning point in end point, science and philosophy always crosses in the edge of gospel.

 

9/19/2008

Learning is for forgetting

some say learning is for saving yourself,
some say learning is for knowing youself,
some say learning is for pursuing your dream,
some say learning is for getting more money.
 
if you ask me i'l say,learing is for forgetting.
learning but not to be able forget is just by rote,
learning but not to want to forget is conservative and complacent,
learning but not to be willing to forget is cupidity.
 
close your eyes and think about it,
do you forget something that you learned before?
what is that?
 
learning is hard,also is easy.
when learning become a habit, a interesting.
turn into a part of your life.
finally i know,
learning is for forgetting.
9/18/2008

how horrible my life is

i dont have the ability to organize my life.
i always make it worse.
i dont know what is my target.
my direction always is flexible and confusing.
i am goodlooking but not charming.
i am intelligent but shy.
i like heavy cube box that cant move.
i feel so terrible now.
 
9/8/2008

Brighter Discontent

The Submarines

Brighter Discontent

Got a brand new roof above my head
All the empty boxes thrown away
I rearranged the place
A hundred times today
But the ordering of objects
Couldn’t hide what’s missing

All these things should make me happy
Make me happy to be home again
All these things should make me happy
Make me happy to be alone again

Got myself a bottle of red wine
Got a night of nothing else to do
I think I might know
What I really want
But is a brighter discontent
The best that I could hope to find?

Got a big black television set
Now I can watch just what I want
But I’m here staring up
At pictures on the wall
And where are you,
You’re still stuck inside them all

All these things should make me happy
Make me happy to be home again
All these things should make me happy
Make me happy to be alone again

But love is not these belongings
That surround me
Though there’s meaning
In the memories they hold
A breaking heart in an empty apartment
Was the loudest sound I never heard

Got a desk I’ll write myself a note
Pretending that it came from you
On hotel stationary
From the time we first met
Whatever I can do cause
I won’t throw my hands up yet

All these things should make me happy
Make me happy to be home again
All these things should make me happy
Make me happy to be alone again

But love is not these belongings
That surround you
Though there’s meaning
In the memories they hold
A breaking heart in an empty apartment
Was the loudest sound I never heard

Well I’ll be fine if
I dont look around me now
Too much for what’s gone
If only I can wait here just a little while
And let time pass in my room

nightmares

I made three nightmares.so scared,each time i suddenly wake up screeming and couldnt sleep anymore. I hate nightmares. I hate to stay lonely.
9/1/2008

So weird

I'm so weird.
Suddenly i start to like these there angry girls.
 
Le Tigre
 
 
My favorite song from them

Deceptacon

Every day and night
Every day and night
I can see yr disco disco dik is sucking my heart out of my mind
I'm outta time, I'm outta fuckin time
I'm a gasoline gut with a vaseline mind but
Wanna disco? Wanna see me disco?
Let me hear you depoliticize my rhyme
One, two, three, four
You got what you been asking for
Yr so policy free and yr fantasy wheels and everything you think
And everything you feel is alright,
It's alright, it's alright, it's alright, it's alright

I take you home now watch me get you hot
Yr just a parrot when yr screaming
And yr shouting "More crackers please, more crackers please"
You want what you want but you don't wanna be on yr knees
Who does your/ who does your hair?

Who took the Bomp from the Bompalompalomp?
Who took the Ram from the Ramalamading dong?
Who took the Bomp from the Bompalompalomp?
Who took the Ram from the Ramalamading dong?

You bought a new van the first year of yr band
Yr cool and I hardly wanna say "not"
Because I'm so bored that I'd be entertained
Even by a stupid fuckin linoleum floor, linoleum floor
Yr lyrics are dumb like a linoleum floor
I'll walk on it
I'll walk all over you
Walk on it, walk on it, walking one, two
Who? Who? Who? Who?

Who took the Bomp from the Bompalompalomp?
Who took the Ram from the Ramalamading dong?
Who took the Bomp from the Bompalompalomp?
Who took the Ram from the Ramalamading dong?

 

 
8/26/2008

brain storm by myself

i dont want to work from 8 to 5 then 8 to 5 and then be kicked of buffet.
i cant forget the departing situation when i graduated from my university.
because of my physical problem my study will be suspended for 2 weeks.
i'm not a patriotism.i just fascinate my own stuff.